ovoid) fruit (7-10 mm across) each contain 2-4 seeds.

They may also be spread in dumped garden waste. These leaves (3-11 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide) are roughly oval (i.e. In the autumn and early winter the fruits are hard and apparently unpalatable. California, Oregon and Washington) and Hawaii.A weed of forests, forest margins, riparian areas, disturbed sites, waste areas and gardens in the cooler temperate regions of Australia.An upright (i.e. it is actually a drupe) and turns from green to bright red in colour as it matures. Their upper leaf surfaces are dark green and glossy, while their undersides are paler in colour and duller in appearance.The small flowers (about 8 mm across) are usually borne in three-flowered clusters (occasionally 1-6 flowers in each cluster), which are densely arranged into larger clusters in the leaf forks (i.e. Plants can also spread laterally by suckering and layering to form dense thickets.Not declared or considered noxious by any state government authorities.For information on the management of this species see the following resources:Fact sheets are available from Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) service centres and our Customer Service Centre (telephone 13 25 23). Iran, Syria and Turkey).Widely cultivated as a garden ornamental and hedging plant in the temperate regions of Australia. Separate male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. staminodes) and an ovary topped with a short style and a globular stigma. on the central and southern tablelands of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and south-eastern South Australia).Also naturalised overseas in New Zealand, western USA (i.e. glabrous).The thick and leathery leaves are alternately arranged on the stems and are borne on stalks (i.e.

finely pubescent), while older stems quickly become hairless (i.e. The light brown or yellowish seeds are either smooth or ribbed.This species reproduces by seed and sometimes also vegetatively by suckering and layering (i.e.

All rights reserved. damage to roots stimulates suckering and the lower branches may root where they touch the ground).The fruit are eaten by birds and other animals which disperse the seeds into bushland. globose) or egg-shaped (i.e. Scientific name: Ilex aquifolium L. Common Name: Holly QUESTION COMMENTS RATING CONFIDENCE advantage under moderate drought conditions (Salleo, Nardini & Lo Gullo 1997). The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. They have four tiny sepals (about 1.5 mm long) and four white or pinkish petals (2-5 mm long). erect) shrub or small tree usually growing up to 10 m tall, or occasionally a larger tree up to 15 m in height.The younger stems are green and covered in fine hairs (i.e. Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia), western and southern Europe (i.e. pedicels) up to 2 mm long. They are especially dangerous in cases involving accidental consumption by children attracted to the bright red berries.Holly leaves, if eaten, might cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach and intestinal problems.Leaves of some holly species are used by some cultures to make daily tea. petioles) 5-15 mm long. Widely naturalised in south-eastern Australia (i.e. They usually also have 5-9 large spine-tipped teeth. However, the leaves on the upper branches of older trees may lack these, and may even have entire and flat margins. acute apices). The inconspicuous flower is greenish white, with four petals. These rounded (i.e. Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia), western and southern Europe (i.e.

Well-known as a festive winter decoration, common holly is one of Britain's few native evergreen trees.

close-up of stem and prickly leaves (Photo: Sheldon Navie)close-up of seeds (Photo: Steve Hurst at USDA PLANTS Database)Native to northern Africa (i.e. Most species make their home in the In Europe the genus is represented by a single species, the classically named holly They are extremely important food for numerous species of birds, and also are eaten by other wild animals.

After being frozen or frosted several times, the fruits soften, and become milder in taste. All flowers are borne on very short stalks (i.e.

Ilex /ˈaɪlɛks/, or holly, is a genus of about 480 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. These species are Christians have identified a wealth of symbolism in its form. Identic Pty Ltd. Special edition of Environmental Weeds of Australia for Biosecurity Queensland.The mobile application of Environmental Weeds of Australia is available from the Google Play Store and Apple iTunes. During winter Holly berries can cause vomiting and diarrhea. The mountain holly (Ulloa Ulloa & Jørgensen (1993), eFloras.org (2007a, b), IUCN (2007), RBGE (2007), USDA (2007a, b) They are generally The genus is distributed throughout the world's different climates. Therefore while mature plants may be able to persist through a period of drought, the species is unlikely to establish in a drought prone area and therefore is not considered tolerant to drought. Check our website at Copyright © 2016. Ilex aquifolium English holly This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in … the UK, France, Portugal, Spain, Albania, Bulgaria, Italy and Yugoslavia) and western Asia (i.e. axils).